Research Corner - Q&A Functional vs. Traditional Training by Noah Hittner | Date Released : 08 Aug 2003 1 comment Print Close Question: How should you mix functional and traditional training? Obviously, some clients will never want or need anything beyond a progressive functional program, but what about clients who are bodybuilders or who are fondly attached to their traditional routines? Of course, a base in functional training should be established with a client who has never been exposed to it, but at what point should you integrate them back into a strength-gaining type of program (not to imply that functional training does not increase strength!)? Of course, one must wean clients of such "bad" exercises as upright rows, Good Mornings and the much-loved adductor/abductor machines, but is it okay to return to a bodybuilder type of program (drop sets, pyramids, etc.)? Is it possible to periodize a training plan of functional training for a microcycle (or mesocycle) followed by a traditional training microcycle/mesocycle then another function micro/mesocycle, etc.? Answer One must be very careful to throw around terminology subject to fads and trends. Let's first address what is meant by a "functional" exercise. There is the notion that to make an exercise "functional," it must be performed while using some sort of funky stability device. This is not always the case. Regarding the average health club member, IT IS RARELY THE CASE. What makes an exercise "functional" is the scientific rationale, concluded upon by the professional, following specific assessment(s), deeming it necessary to serve as specific purpose! Therefore, when progressed to properly, virtually any exercise can be "functional.” (NOTE: For a fantastic exploration of the topic of function in exercise, please listen to the PTN Audio Clinic “What is Function?” with one of the true fathers of “functional” in exercise and rehab, Gary Gray.) Instead of getting caught up in terminology (functional or traditional), let's simply refer to all of it as periodization (or progression). Of course, the client's goals must be a priority, but a strong foundation of flexibility and stability must precede esthetic, strength and power goals. Hence, the generalized plan of periodization taught, agreed upon and followed by many elite professionals is stability -> strength -> power. Once again, from this point of view, virtually all training can be "functional" because it is performed in such a progressive manner as to reduce the likelihood of injury as well as improving performance and physique goals. Below is an example of the parameters of one such plan of periodization. FLEXIBILITY: An adequate integrated flexibility program will help to correct any muscle imbalances identified during the kinetic chain assessment. This in turn will increase joint range of motion, decrease muscle hyper tonicity, relieve joint stress, and ultimately maintain normal functional length of all muscles. STABILIZATION: The exercises in this level involve little joint motion and are primarily designed to improve intrinsic stabilization and provide optimum neuromuscular control for the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex. Generally a three to nine week duration of training. Exercise examples include drawing-in progressions, iso-abs series and bridging progressions, etc. STRENGTH: Isometric stabilization activities are replaced with dynamic concentric and eccentric activities through the full range of motion. A multi-planar, multi-dimensional progression is initiated. The specificity, speed and neural demand of the exercises are progressed. Generally a 12 week duration of training. Exercise examples include Reverse Crunches, Back Extensions, and Cable chops, etc. POWER: This phase integrates stabilization and strength into activity specific progressions. The entire muscle action spectrum (eccentric, isometric, concentric) and contraction velocity spectrum is utilized during integrated functional movements. The individual performs specific exercises at a similar intensity and similar rate of force production that the individual will be exposed to upon return to their "performance" environment. (NOTE: This may be putting shingles on a roof!) Generally an eight week duration of training. Please notice how the "SPORT SPECIFIC" progressions came at the very END of the progressional phases, after weeks/months of preparation. Exercise examples include Multi-planar/Multi-Dimensional Medicine Ball Tosses, etc. I hope this helps! Back to top About the author: Noah Hittner In his time in the health and fitness industry, Noah Hittner worked with a wide range of clientele—from the high school athlete to the senior citizen. This experience, in great part, still inspires his work today. Now, years past his days as a fitness professional, Noah has turned his focus to writing and music. His books and songs explore the process of human consciousness and the quest for personal freedom. Noah now approaches his work, as well as his life, with self-honesty as his first intention and his top priority. It is with this intention in mind that he aims to connect with the lives of as many people as possible in an inspiring and empowering way. Noah's books include The Modern-Day Buddha, Beyond Victim and Villain, and Something to Give Back. 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